Religion In American Life :: essays research papers

Religion In American LifeReligion used to be a very important comp wholenessnt in an Americans life.Protestantism was as American as Mom and orchard apple tree pie. Families would don their"Sunday best" and go to church early on Sunday mornings. However, thissituation has changed quite a bit. aft(prenominal) reviewing the 1994 statistics Iga thered from the Micase governing body and comparing them to the statistics received inclass, I discovered a vogue away from traditional unearthly beliefs andpractices, and one toward ungodliness or alternative religious beliefs. After aresurgence in the 1970s and early 1980s, the Roman Catholic church beganexperiencing a slow, yet steady, decline in membership. As membership in themore orthodox Roman Catholic church decreased, membership in Protestant churchesincreased. In recent years, the Catholic perform has become politically dynamicaland more vociferous concerning its views on moral issues such as war, abortion,and euthanasia. It is my feeling that many Catholics are searching for sectsthat will book them to retain their faith in Christ without a central body(i.e., the Vatican) speaking on behalf of them on issues that they are capableof rationalizing for themselves. Among Catholics and Protestants, there is atrend toward less rigid attending of religious services. If we examine thefigures from Stark and Glocks 1968 survey, 54% of Americans surveyed at thetime attended church more often than once a month. This figure shrank to 40.7%in the 1994 survey. though the Catholic church insists on weekly attendance ofchurch, weekly attendance dropped from 52% in 1978 to 49% in 1986. Then,attendance plummeted, with only 28.3% of Catholics surveyed in 1994 claiming to make attended church in the last seven days. Even among those who remain withthe traditional Christian sects, attendance is diminishing. Christianity used tobe an integral part of almost family and community customs and traditions inAmerica. It see ms that as Americans lives become more complex, less time isavailable for formal religious commitments. Also, one may theorize that theexponential function growth of technology and education has rendered traditionalreligious teachings, such as creationism, obsolete and people are leaving theChristian churches because their teachings do not arrest with their personalbeliefs. However, not everyone is leaving the Catholic church for Protestantdenominations. In the last thirty years, the number of people claiming to hastenno religious necktie have increased almost five-fold, with 2% of the peoplesurveyed claiming no affiliation in 1967, and 9.2% claiming the same in 1994.Since the early 1980s, there has also been an increase in the number of peopleclaiming "other" religious beliefs.Religion In American Life essays research papers Religion In American LifeReligion used to be a very important component in an Americans life.Protestantism was as American as Mom and apple pie. Families would don their"Sunday best" and go to church early on Sunday mornings. However, thissituation has changed quite a bit. After reviewing the 1994 statistics Igathered from the Micase system and comparing them to the statistics received inclass, I discovered a trend away from traditional religious beliefs andpractices, and one toward atheism or alternative religious beliefs. After aresurgence in the 1970s and early 1980s, the Roman Catholic church beganexperiencing a slow, yet steady, decline in membership. As membership in themore orthodox Roman Catholic church decreased, membership in Protestant churchesincreased. In recent years, the Catholic Church has become politically activeand more vociferous concerning its views on moral issues such as war, abortion,and euthanasia. It is my feeling that many Catholics are searching for sectsthat will allow them to retain their faith in Christ without a central body(i.e., the Vatican) speaking on behalf of them on issues that they are capableof rationalizing for themselves. Among Catholics and Protestants, there is atrend toward less rigid attendance of religious services. If we examine thefigures from Stark and Glocks 1968 survey, 54% of Americans surveyed at thetime attended church more often than once a month. This figure shrank to 40.7%in the 1994 survey. Though the Catholic church insists on weekly attendance ofchurch, weekly attendance dropped from 52% in 1978 to 49% in 1986. Then,attendance plummeted, with only 28.3% of Catholics surveyed in 1994 claiming tohave attended church in the last seven days. Even among those who remain withthe traditional Christian sects, attendance is diminishing. Christianity used tobe an integral part of most family and community customs and traditions inAmerica. It seems that as Americans lives become more complex, less time isavailable for formal religious commitments. Also, one may theorize that theexponential growth of technology and education has rendered traditi onalreligious teachings, such as creationism, obsolete and people are leaving theChristian churches because their teachings do not agree with their personalbeliefs. However, not everyone is leaving the Catholic church for Protestantdenominations. In the last thirty years, the number of people claiming to haveno religious affiliation have increased almost five-fold, with 2% of the peoplesurveyed claiming no affiliation in 1967, and 9.2% claiming the same in 1994.Since the early 1980s, there has also been an increase in the number of peopleclaiming "other" religious beliefs.

Censorship in America Essay -- essays research papers

Censorship in AmericaSince this country was founded, we have had a dictated of unalienable rights that our constitution guarantees us to as Americans. One of the roughly important rights that is menti unmatchedd in our constitution is the right to free speech. Congress sh altogether dispatch no legal philosophy respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging thefreedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the judicature for a redress of grievances. These atomic number 18 the exact words used by our countrys forefathers when they made these amendments in the late 1700s. Ever since then there have been people trying to abolish this right by censoring things that the American public has a right to see if they so choose. Movies, books, music, thoughts, ideas, and literature are all things that have fallen victims to censorship in this country. The idea and practice of censorship is unconstitutional and should be completely abolished in all forms. Many Americans whap films, the gists behind those films and the impact several(prenominal) films have on peoples lives. Ever since films were created there have been people and organizations that have tried to censor and break what the public can and cannot see. Even to this day there are certain things that if put on film because of censorship, would never make it to the public. This is very sad. Film is one of this countrys great expressive outlets. Many filmmakers and the people who enjoy what these filmmakers put out are effected by the horrible concept of censorship. When a film is put out to the public it is first reviewed by a movie rating board who then assigns the film a rating to split people what age groups the film is suitable for and what the film contains. Movie selection for minors should solely be the responsibility of that childs parent, not some critic that watches films and then makes decis ions for other people about who can watch it and who cant. People just need to start to understand the real meaning of free speech and expression in this country. Too many people are taking it for granted. People who are for the censorship of films may argue that its for the good of our children, shielding them from violence and sex, and not exposing them to something that they claim may be mentally harm... ...from the other side of this argument is the fact that profanity and sexually overt material shouldnt be exposed to young children without their parental permission. But telling teenagers and young adults who are mature enough to choose what they want to harken to is completely wrong and unjust. The key word here is choice. As stated earlier, the thing that makes this country truly great is the idea that we have the right to try to whatever we choose we want to listen to, not what a censor thinks you should be exposed to, its ridiculous.Freedom of speech and expression is o ne of the most important rights that we have in this country. Our forefathers knew this and acknowledged this in our great constitution which protects our rights as citizens in America. Censorship is a complete contradiction to this concept that has helped make America the greatest country in the world. If we do not stand up for our rights for free speech, someday it may be taken away all together. Everyday there are people out there trying to ban and censor things from Americans, things that as an American you have the right to view. Censorship essential be stopped at all costs.

The Wonderful Bedroom Essays -- Descriptive Essay Examples, Observation

The Wonderful Bedroom Have you ever wondered how something so simple(a) as your bedchamber could find so more than involveing? How a abode where unrivaled usually just peacefulnesss and doesnt return until the next wickedness, could be so special to someone? It does make one commemorate, once stopped and thought about. To some, it means as a lot as a gym does to a basketball player or as lots as a tree does to a monkey. only if then there argon also those who still think of their bedroom as just a place to sleep and prepare themselves. I theorise things have different meanings for each person, but for many including myself, their bedroom ranks near the top of the list. A bedroom is meaningful because often it is where one gravels up, where lots of period is spent, and where one bath bring out there inner-most self. A bedroom is not something that changes from day to day, but rather something that is pretty permanent. Many people grow up in the alike room that they spend the low part of their life in. It is something that people grow attached to and become accustomed to, like a college student becomes accustomed to studying. For this factor, change is not so untold a good thing but rather a thing of frustration. It is nice to have a place to call home, and better yet, a place to call ones avouch bedroom. Once one is settled, it is usually of best nature to stay settled. through this settlement, it is easiest to see how much of importance ones bedroom may mean to them. My bedroom has meant a lot to me due to the fact that I have been in the same place for the majority of my years. Another important reason on this subject is that there is usually a lot of time spent in ones own room Besides the ten hours of sleep everyone gets a night in their room, there is often a gr... ...all sorts of things to do and eventually time slips away on with the boredom. A bedroom is full of wonderful surprises and often has much more meaning than one may i magine. In just a simple runty corner of a house, it can ordinate you so much about a person. Is the person a pack rat, organized, and clean, or are they simple-minded, just hold to open their eyes and explore? Perhaps there are things that go far and beyond the word special. A room can tell ones whole life story, but yet again perchance it is just thought of as a place to catch some Zs. No consequence what the case, this simple little place they call ones bedroom can and usually does have much meaning. So, next time youre lying in bed laborious to fall asleep, ask yourself, does my room really have much meaning to me, and if so, how much, or am I just thankful for this comfortable bed to sleep on? The Wonderful Bedroom Essays -- Descriptive Essay Examples, contemplationThe Wonderful Bedroom Have you ever wondered how something so simple as your bedroom could have so much meaning? How a place where one usually just sleeps and doesnt return until the next nig ht, could be so special to someone? It does make one think, once stopped and thought about. To some, it means as much as a gym does to a basketball player or as much as a tree does to a monkey. But then there are also those who still think of their bedroom as just a place to sleep and prepare themselves. I guess things have different meanings for each person, but for many including myself, their bedroom ranks near the top of the list. A bedroom is meaningful because often it is where one grows up, where lots of time is spent, and where one can bring out there inner-most self. A bedroom is not something that changes from day to day, but rather something that is pretty permanent. Many people grow up in the same room that they spend the first part of their life in. It is something that people grow attached to and become accustomed to, like a college student becomes accustomed to studying. For this factor, change is not so much a good thing but rather a thing of frustration. It is nice to have a place to call home, and better yet, a place to call ones own bedroom. Once one is settled, it is usually of best nature to stay settled. Through this settlement, it is easiest to see how much of importance ones bedroom may mean to them. My bedroom has meant a lot to me due to the fact that I have been in the same place for the majority of my years. Another important reason on this subject is that there is usually a lot of time spent in ones own room Besides the ten hours of sleep everyone gets a night in their room, there is often a gr... ...all sorts of things to do and eventually time slips away along with the boredom. A bedroom is full of wonderful surprises and often has much more meaning than one may imagine. In just a simple little corner of a house, it can tell you so much about a person. Is the person a pack rat, organized, and clean, or are they simple-minded, just waiting to open their eyes and explore? Perhaps there are things that go far and beyond the word special. A room can tell ones whole life story, but yet again maybe it is just thought of as a place to catch some Zs. No matter what the case, this simple little place they call ones bedroom can and usually does have much meaning. So, next time youre lying in bed trying to fall asleep, ask yourself, does my room really have much meaning to me, and if so, how much, or am I just thankful for this comfortable bed to sleep on?

Ecstasy Essay -- essays research papers

Ecstasy, or 3, 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine, was first synthesized and patented in 1914, by the German drug company Merck. The original purpose of the drug was to be an appetite suppressant, however in 1970 it was given to clinical depressed patients to open them up and talk about their feelings. Then in 1986, Ecstasy was determined to make brain damage (http//faculity.washington.edu/chudler/mdma.html).Ecstasy is used at the party and rave scene for its effects on the emotional state of the drug user. The drug lowers the users inhibitions it relaxes them. The drug also increases awareness and feelings of pleasure and joy while giving the user energy. Side effects of the drug includes headaches, chills, eye twitching, jaw clenching, blurred vision, and malady http//faculity.washington.edu/chudler/mdma.html). But the hangover ecstasy causes is said to worse then the hangover alcohol causes(After the Rave the Ecstasy Hangover). The hangover produced by ecstasy causes the user to have memory impairments. This is due to the loss of serotonin, which will be discussed later on. The reduction in serotonine affects the brains capacity to learn and remember. The memory impairment has shown to be sight up until two weeks after use, but habitual users who have become addicted show damage for up until seven years. Research has shown that the impairment is non due to withdrawal, but is heavily dose- dependent (Ecstasys Legacy).Another problem with Ecstasy is the deadly combination it makes when mixed with other drugs and medications. separate drugs have harmed the body more so, because they use the liver enzyme CYP2D6 that metabolizes the drug. Thus the body can not rid itself of ecstasy and acts as if experiencing an overdose. The body then dies as if it has overdosed (Deadly Combination).Other drugs such as anti-depressants, trigger a surge of blood pressure when mixed with ecstasy. This surge causes the heart to be overworked and at last burn out, leading to ca rdiac arrest and death. Molecular Mechanisms, another medication, block the neurotransmitters that clear the nervous system of ecstasy(Deadly Combination).The nervous system is the nation of the body most affected by... ... breathing trouble, and also comas. As with GHB and ecstasy, rohypnol works to destroy the body in the nervous system. Roypnol is a graphic symbol of benzodiazepine, a sedative or an antianxiety medication. The benzodiazepine interacts with the receptors on neurons in the brain. Roypnol, like GHB targets the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid. The interaction between the GABA receptors and the roypnol inhibits neurons and reduces neuronal activity. The bonding of the receptors enhance the affect of GABA and begin to reduce brain activity. Taken over long periods of time, the affect of the hyperactivity of GABA will cease all brain activity (www.faculity.washington.edu/chudler/ghb.html).Drugs kill. That is the bottom line. It doesnt matter the dosage of dr ug taken, because if the user becomes addicted the body is already poisoned with the toxins. Most drugs affect the nervous system. The nervous system is what keeps the body alive, to mess rough with substances that are harmful to the system is like writing a death sentence. Drugs are not going to eliminated from society but people need to be kept informed about their decisions and the effects their choices have on them.

Freud and Psychodynamic Theory :: Papers

Freud and Psychodynamic Theory Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in the Moravian town of Freiberg, then a sort of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, today a part of Czechoslovakia. He was born into a family full of enough complexity and confusion to give him significant material for his ruminations on the undivided mind and its connections with others. His mother, Amalia, an assertive, good-looking woman, was twenty years younger than her husband Jacob. She was his third wife he was forty at Freuds birth. Freuds siblings were two half-brothers, grown-up, a constant varan of the oddity of his position. His own confusions, hatreds, love and desires from this period appear to have had significant impact on his later work on development. Components Of Personality Id As the babe emerges from the womb into the reality of life, he wants only to eat, drink, urinate, defecate, be warm, and gain sexual pleasure. These urges are the demands of the id, the most primit ive motivational force. In pursuit of these ends, the id demands immediate triumph it is ruled by the pleasure principle, demanding satisfaction now, regardless of circumstances and possible undesirable effects. If a young child was ruled entirely by his id, he would steal and eat a piece of chocolate from a store regardless of the menacing owner watching above him or even his parents knock beside him. The id will not stand for a delay in gratification. For some urges, such as urination, this is easily satisfied. However, if the urge is not immediately discharaged, the id will skeleton a memory of the end of the motivation the thirsty infant will form an image of the mothers breast. This act of wish-fulfillment satisfies the ids desire for the moment, though obviously it does not lower the tension of the unfulfilled urge. Ego The eventual understanding that immediate gratification is usually impossible (and often unwise) comes with the formation o f the ego, which is ruled by the reality principle. The ego acts as a go-between

Freud and Psychodynamic Theory :: Papers

Freud and Psychodynamic Theory Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in the Moravian town of Freiberg, then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, now a part of Czechoslovakia. He was born into a family full of enough complexity and confusion to give him significant material for his ruminations on the individual heed and its connections with others. His mother, Amalia, an assertive, good-looking woman, was twenty years younger than her husband Jacob. She was his third wife he was forty at Freuds birth. Freuds siblings were two half-brothers, grown-up, a constant reminder of the distinguishing characteristic of his position. His own confusions, hatreds, love and desires from this period appear to have had significant impact on his later work on development. Components Of Personality Id As the baby emerges from the uterus into the reality of life, he wants only to eat, drink, urinate, defecate, be warm, and gain sexual pleasure. These urges are the demands of the id, the most primitive motivational force. In pursuit of these ends, the id demands immediate gratification it is control by the pleasure principle, demanding satisfaction now, regardless of circumstances and possible undesirable effects. If a young child was ruled entirely by his id, he would discriminate and eat a piece of chocolate from a store regardless of the menacing owner watching above him or even his parents scolding beside him. The id will not stand for a delay in gratification. For some urges, such as urination, this is easily satisfied. However, if the urge is not immediately discharaged, the id will form a memory of the end of the motivation the thirsty infant will form an image of the mothers breast. This act of wish-fulfillment satisfies the ids desire for the moment, though obviously it does not reduce the strain of the unfulfilled urge. Ego The eventual understanding that immediate gratification is usually impossible (and o ften unwise) comes with the formation of the ego, which is ruled by the reality principle. The ego acts as a go-between

How Will Climate Change Impact Caribbean Business Environmental Sciences Essay

The part is faced with umteen challenges, chances, menaces and hazards as a implication of clime alteration ( linked Nations surround Programme, 2008 ) . maturation states must therefore address the impact of clime alteration of which they ar highly vulnerable though they contribute less than 1 % of entire cat valium house gas emanations compared to the surplus of 50 % contributed by the universe s industrial powers ( Trotz, n.d. ) . However, it is imperative that they become cognizant of the impact of clime alteration on Caribbean concern, hatful and the environs, and supply solutions as to the manner frontward.The Caribbean signifiers portion of the Small Island Developing States that are considered vulnerable to the socio-economic and environmental features that creates sustainable development challenges ( United Nation Environment Programme, 2008 ) . These challenges are critical in on a lower floorstanding the kineticss in the manner they function within their assorted economic systems and the ensuing consequence of clime alteration. These overwhelm the dependence of the productive empyreans on their narrow handiness of inborn resources much(prenominal) as agribusiness, fishing and forestry which throne finally take to limited economic variegation possibilities ( United Nations Environment Programme, 2008 ) . This in inself canful make economic systems with limited potency to exhibit a competitory advantage on an international degree. Other challenges include the high dependance on imports and the islands susceptibleness to extreme conditions conditions.Climate alteration does bring forth both positive and negative effects. Island states must therefore keep ways to capitalise on the chances while undertake brush uping hazards. Conducting concern locally, regionally and internationally is of import for economic growing and development and as such, modality alteration can impact concern operations significantly. For illustration, the Cari bbean is extremely dependent on touristry as one of its cardinal subscribers to the gross domestic mathematical product ( Reid, 2010 ) . Coral reefs are an intregal attractive force to tourers sing the Caribbean particularly on the islands of Jamaica and St. Lucia, among others ( Reid, 2010 ) . However, coral bleaching due to lifting temperature consequences in the decease of corals which will finally take away(predicate) from a merchandise of value within the sector ( Reid, 2010 ) . Similarly, agribusiness is of import for many cariibean islands non merely for export, but as a beginning of nutrient for many communities. Hurricanes and other natural catastrophes can hold damaging effects on islands such as Grenada and Dominica which export Myristica fragranss and bananas ( Reid, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( n.d. ) , a shortening of the turning season of sugar cane in Guyana due to climate alteration will cut down outputs by 29 .8 % and cut down productiveness in St. Vincent by 20 % . Other negative effects include emphasis on concerns and authoritiess due to the insurgency of diseases and pestilences and a rise in regulative force per unit areas ( United Nations Environment Programme, 2008 ) .Climate alteration can supply important benefits for the concern sector and unfastened concerns throughout the Caribbean to the potency of staying competitory globally while increasing the possibility of cut downing long-term costs. This decrease in costs can be achieved through the ability of concerns to follow energy effiecient processes ( ECLAC, 2010 ) . Additionally, with consumers going more environmentally knowing and friendly, the acceptance of greener patterns will better the manner in which stakeholders visualise take parting concerns giving them an border over non-practicing concerns ( United Nations Environment Programme, 2008 ) . Businesss may besides profit from revenue enhancement interruptions and/or fiscal inducements such as the deforestation partnership where Norway is paying Guyana to maintain its nursery gas emmission down ( Edwards, 2010 ) .In add-on to concern, clime alteration will impact trade within the part particularly due to function that touristry and agribusiness drama in the growing and development of the economic systems. Additions in temperature will go after in lower output and as such, export possibilities will decrease ( Reid, 2010 ) . Additionally, diminution in fish stocks can hold important effects. For illustration, decrease in the Yellow Fin Tuna, which is chiefly used for export will adversely impact economic output therefore negatively impacting trade. Last, clime alteration willl consequence in developing states holding to run into specific criterions as it relates to labelling and production procedures which may be a hinderance due to the deficiency of technological capablenesss, accomplishments or expertness. However, this can make an chance for Caribbean concerns to use the export markets by going more competitory due to the acceptance of greener patterns. For illustration, Grenada benefitted from the export of organic cocoa which is certified under the USDA-NOP and EEC2092/91 ( Grenada Chocolate Company, n.d. ) . Similarly, Jamaica is able to profit from the export of the Jamaican Moutain Coffee to international markets ( Coffee Industries Ltd, n.d. ) .The effects of clime alteration on the environment are of great concern as animate being and works biodiversity, agribusiness and human creation ( among others ) are affected. There is besides the possibility of H2O deficits and taint, and the remotion of Rhizophora mangles and coral reefs all ensuing in the human population being at hazard. Harmonizing to United Nations Environmental Programme ( 2008 ) , about 70 % of the islands population lives along the seashore doing them susceptible to decease from tsunamis, hurricanes and storm rushs. These natural jeopardies along with internal anthropogenetic jeopardies such as deforestation can badly cut down the resiliency of cardinal ecosystems over a period of clip ( Reid, 2010 ) . Haiti experienced four lay waste toing hurricane in 2008, go forthing the island with over US $ 5 million in amendss which accounted for 5 % of its GDP ( Caribbean Policy Development Center, 2008 ) . Climate alteration besides increases the potency for the invasion of non-native, invasive species therefore interrupting the correspondence within ecosystems.In turn toing the issues related to climate alteration, it is necessary that the Caribbean take a conjunct action. As such, it is critical that version be made to the manner companies conduct their concern, trade and interact with the environment. Adaptation involves sentisizing the population of the effects of climare alteration and shifting resources in order to extenuate its effects ( United Nations Environmental Programme, 2008 ) . For illustration, , in Playa Rosario in Havana, communities have been reallocated 5km inland to avoid the impact from coastal erodings ( United Nations Environmental Programme, 2008 ) . Additionally, the funding of undertakings geared towards version encourages more concern to take part. matchless such programme was executed in the 1990 s where the Caribbean Adaptation to Climate Change ( CPACC ) was granted US $ 5.6 million to finance four regional and tail fin pilot undertakings through the World Bank, Organization of American States ( OAS ) and CARICOM ( United Nations Environmental Programme, 2008 ) . Other actions include building edifices with proper chilling systems, promote the preservation of natural resources including H2O installations, and inducements for companies in conformity with regulative patterns regulating clime alteration ( United Nations Environmental Programme, 2008 ) .The impact of clime alteration on concern, trade and the environment is serious. Although climate alteration may supply some posit ives particularly for establishments with the capacity to accommodate, the magnitude of the negatives can non be overstated. There is an pressing demand for action to be taken by persons, communities, concerns and authoritiess within the part. It is imperative that we are able to make a sustainable hereafter for our state s kids and as such, the part collect non merely adapt to climate alteration but besides do all possible to extenuate its effects.

Violating Social Norms Essay

Social norms are the shared expectations of what kind of behavior is acceptable and what isnt. Violating social norms preempt be very amusing for the person whos doing it, but can sometimes gather very hostile reactions from those around you. Violating personal space, standing on the wrong side of the escalator, walking on the wrong side of the sidewalk, wearing your clothes backwards and paying with change are and a a couple of(prenominal) examples of how social norms can be broken. My partner Jordyn and I proved with our project that stepping outside of the box and violating social norms isnt always as bad as it seems.For starters Jordyn and I decided we were going to violate a social norm by going to a food place and paying with change. At starting signal I felt really awkward because I wasnt sure how the cashier and those around us were going to react but I just went with it anyway. Jordyn went first and I filmed her, she waited in line like normal and oddly enough when she p ulled out the change it really wasnt that big of a deal for anyone. The cashier was really nonchalant about it and even helped her to count the change, it was all very casual.The results I got when it was my turn were very similar to Jordyns I went up and ordered my drink and when he told me the total I pulled out my change same as last time and the cashier helped me count the change, he seemed to have no problem with the fact that I was paying with change which was actually very refreshing. It didnt feel like anyone was being judgmental and overall I just felt very comfortable with the whole situation.In conclusion violating social norms can have varying results depending on the act youre taking part in and the people that are around you while youre doing it. I feel that our project was very successful because we broke a social norm but we didnt show up with all pennies which would have probably gotten a better reaction, but in my opinion would be slightly obnoxious. I know that i f I were in a cashiers position I would be pissed so we didnt agree it that far. Regardless of the type of change we paid in Ithink we definitely displayed a great example of violating a social norm and Im very proud of our uniquely found success with this project.

Cultural Pathways Through Universal Development

This article examines the independent self vs. interdependent self theories of development. It also presents tierce theoretical approaches to culture and development eco heathenish sociohistorical and, cultural values. Main Ideas * Culture is a socially interactive process of construction, comprising two main components dual-lane activity (cultural practices) and shared meaning (cultural interpretation). The Cultural Values Approach Culturally relevant developmental goals are represented in the form of implicit ethnotheories of development, i. e. , a system of beliefs and ideas concerning the spirit of the ideal child and the socialization practices necessary to achieve this ideal. * The Ecocultural Approach, sees the childs behavioral development and the acquisition of culture as resulting from the interaction between humans biological potentialities and environmental conditions.In short, the ecocultural approach emphasizes development as an adaptation to different environment al conditions and constraints. * The Sociohistoric Approach emphasizes processes of social construction, particularly cultural apprenticeship, cultural activities or practices, the use of cultural artifacts, including tools, and the historical dimension of these processes. The primary focus of this approach has been on explaining the childs cognitive development. Criticisms * One common criticism of these cultural paradigms is that the approach is too simplistic and reductionistic the dichotomous binary quality of individualism and collectivism is seen as problematical. * Another criticism of the framework involves the notion that independent and interdependent concerns coexist in the same culture * The core theoretical approach to relationship formation is appendix theory.Attachment theory stresses the evolutionary basis of attachment relationships as a phylogenetically evolved adaptive system with a core of standard assumptions that are supposed to constitute universals of ontoge netic development. Basically, it assumes that maternal sensitivity, defined as the prompt, adequate and consistent reaction towards infants cues, is causally linked to attachment security and that this constitutes the normative and healthy developmental pattern across cultures.

Basic approaches to the study of cultural diversity Essay

With rapid scientific and technological progress, advanced means of communication and transport, to a greater extent and more mountain travel abroad, and the lop of purposes they tend to achieve, enlarged as well. Many people now travel to sh be organizational and business experience, study abroad to come back theatre, many a(prenominal) people travel just to see and study cultural background of other countries, some of them come to other countries with peace missions.Unfortunately, political and economical conditions in many countries of the world make many people move abroad as immigrants or refugees. But, regardless of the travel purposes, the notions of cultural impinging and cultural appall are relevant for all categories of travelers. (Hoerder) Before examining this phenomenon its necessary to give a strict definition of it. At first, its necessary to mention that at that place are some titles to define this phenomenon cross cultural relations, between society last-cont act, cross-cultural interaction etc.Here is the definition of this phenomenon provided by Bochner between society culture-contact refers to individuals who travel beyond their countries of origin for a particular purpose and for a specified period of time, and the relationships they establish with members of the host society. (1986, p. 23) There are also some necessary terms used to describe these relations, for instance sojourner. This term is used to refer to culture travellers, indicating that they are temporary visitors intending to return home after achieving their aims.(1986, p. 33) On the contrary, people of the visited society are called host-society members. Its evident that changing society background in any incident demands some contact on personal level, when the representatives of various societies interact. From the part of sojourner it demands much effort to integrate into unusual social and cultural patterns. This may cause stress, especially in the case of immediat e and unexpected transition, and this condition is defined by the specialists as culture shock.(Bochner) Cultural identity conflicts are usually called intractable, and thus they are not possible to be resolved through the traditional nuzzlees. The frames of the individual identity are extremely influenced by the cultural identity and cultural surrounding. The differences in culture often become the ground for the cultural conflict, as the difference in cultural ideas and preferences may be taken by the other side as not simply an outrageous idea, but ridiculous and unreal understanding of the world.For the better cultural communication it may be suggested, that the attitudes towards other cultures should be more tolerate. The cultural ideas and beliefs expressed by the representatives of the other culture should not be taken as unreal or unacceptable. Differences in culture between people will always exist, and thus for the more effective communication it is important to understan d and accept the significance of the traditions, which are valued by the other culture, as well as try to better explain the traditions into which the newcomer would wish to assimilate.However, and what is more important, it is not allowed to break the cultural identity of the person the difference in cultural views does not mean they are wrong. The issue of cultural identity was always urgent, and with the growing opportunities for migration, this issue will not soon lose the demand of being discussed. However, it is important to understand one thing in relation to cultural conflicts the differences between cultures should not and wont be erased they should be hard-boiled with tolerance. There are some concepts and approaches used to investigate the nature of this phenomenon.They are as follows regional comparison, holocultural analysis, controlled comparison, and coding. Regional comparison was worked out by Driver and Kroeber. This approach lies in determination of cultural cl assification and then making assumptions about the processes of interconnection in the limits of one region of culture. Holocultural analysis is also called worldwide cross-cultural analysis. He was worked out by Tylor, Sumner, Keller and Murdock. Levinson describes it as a study designed to test or develop a proposition through the statistical analysis of data on a sample of ten or more